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There are a number of reports about the involvement of Chinese detachments in the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War. Chinese served as bodyguards of Bolshevik functionaries,〔Пын Мин. История китайско-советской дружбы. М., 1959. (Peng Ming, "History of the Chinese-Russian Friendship", translation from Chinese, Moscow, Sotsekgiz, 1959, original: "Zhong-su yu she", Pekin, 1957 〕〔Россия и мир глазами друг друга: Из истории взаимовосприятия / Под ред. А.В. Голубева; РАН. Ин-т рос. истории. - М., 2000. Вып. 1. - 365 с. ISBN 5-8055-0043-4, Chapter IV, Section "(The Perception of China by USSR Political Elite )" *"Chinese detachments, together with Latvians and other nationals guarded the Soviet government already in 1917-1918"〕 served in the Cheka,〔Donald Rayfield, ''Stalin and His Hangmen: The Tyrant and Those Who Killed for Him'', ''Viking Press'' 2004: ISBN 0-670-91088-0 (hardcover) *"In 1919, 75 percent of the Cheka's central management was Latvian. When Russian soldiers refused to carry out executions, Latvian (and Chinese force of some 500 men) were brought in.''〕 and even formed complete regiments of the Red Army. Although it has been estimated that there were tens of thousands of Chinese troops in the Red Army,〔"Книга для учителя. История политических репрессий и сопротивления несвободе в СССР. - М.: Издательство обьединения "Мосгорархив", 2002. - 504 с.", (p. 95 ) (quoted from the book: Попов Н.А. "Они с нами сражались за власть Советов". Л., 1959. p.p 42, 83, 94) 〕 they did not constitute a significant fraction of the Red Army."〔 By the summer of 1919, the Red Army comprised over a million men. By November 1920, it comprised over 1.8 million men. Other notable examples of foreigners serving in the Red Army include Koreans in the Russian Far East,〔Ким М.Т. Корейские интернационалисты в борьбе за власть Советов на Дальнем Востоке ( 1918-1922 ). М., 1979 〕〔German Kim (1999) "The History of Korean Immigration", Book 1, Second half of 19th Century — 1945", Almaty, Dayk-Press〕 Czech and Slovak nationals, Hungarian Jewish Bolsheviks under Béla Kun, Red Latvian Riflemen as well as a number of other national detachments.〔("National detachments of the Red Army and Cheka" )〕 ==Background: Chinese speakers in Russia== Large numbers of Chinese lived and worked in Siberia in the late Russian Empire. Many of these migrant workers were transferred to the European part of Russia and to the Ural during World War I because of the acute shortage of workers there. For example, by 1916 there were about 5,000 Chinese workers in Novgorod Governorate. In 1916-1917 about 2,000 Chinese workers were employed in the construction of Russian fortifications around the Gulf of Finland. A significant number of them were convicted robbers (''honghuzi'', "Red Beards", transliterated into Russian as "khunkhuzy", хунхузы) transferred from ''katorga'' labor camps in Harbin and other locations in the Far Eastern regions of the Russian Empire. After the Russian Revolution, some of them stayed in Finland and took part as volunteers in the Finnish Civil War on the allied communist side.〔Harry Halén, "Kiinalaiset linnoitustyöläiset vuosina 1916-1917". In: Lars Westerlund (ed.), '' Venäläissurmat Suomessa 1914–22: osa 2.1'' (''Russian War Victims in Finland, 1914 - 1922. Part 2.1'') Helsinki : Valtioneuvoston kanslia (2004) ISBN 952-5354-43-1 〕 After 1917 many of these Chinese workers joined the Red Army.〔 The vast majority of these Chinese were apolitical and become soldiers solely in order to gain rights as workers in a foreign country.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chinese in the Russian Revolution and in the Russian Civil War」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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